The Game Chromatic Number of Complete Multipartite Graphs with No Singletons

In this paper we investigate the game chromatic number for complete multipartite graphs. We devise several strategies for Alice, and one strategy for Bob, and we prove their optimality in all complete multipartite graphs with no singletons. All the strategies presented are computable in linear time, and the values of the game chromatic number depend directly only on the number and the sizes of sets in the partition

Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

DATA AND MATERIALS AVAILABILITY : The full dataset used in the final analyses (33) and associated code (34) are available at Dryad. A subset of the spatial coordinate datasets is available at Zenodo (35). Certain datasets of spatial coordinates will be available only through requests made to the authors due to conservation and Indigenous sovereignty concerns (see table S1 for more information on data use restrictions and contact information for data requests). These sensitive data will be made available upon request to qualified researchers for research purposes, provided that the data use will not threaten the study populations, such as by distribution or publication of the coordinates or detailed maps. Some datasets, such as those overseen by government agencies, have additional legal restrictions on data sharing, and researchers may need to formally apply for data access. Collaborations with data holders are generally encouraged, and in cases where data are held by Indigenous groups or institutions from regions that are under-represented in the global science community, collaboration may be required to ensure inclusion.COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.The Radboud Excellence Initiative, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the National Science Foundation, Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Dutch Research Council NWO program “Advanced Instrumentation for Wildlife Protection”, Fondation Segré, RZSS, IPE, Greensboro Science Center, Houston Zoo, Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, Nashville Zoo, Naples Zoo, Reid Park Zoo, Miller Park, WWF, ZCOG, Zoo Miami, Zoo Miami Foundation, Beauval Nature, Greenville Zoo, Riverbanks zoo and garden, SAC Zoo, La Passarelle Conservation, Parc Animalier d’Auvergne, Disney Conservation Fund, Fresno Chaffee zoo, Play for nature, North Florida Wildlife Center, Abilene Zoo, a Liber Ero Fellowship, the Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program, Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation, Teck Coal, and the Grand Teton Association. The collection of Norwegian moose data was funded by the Norwegian Environment Agency, the German Ministry of Education and Research via the SPACES II project ORYCS, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Wyoming Game and Fish Commission, Bureau of Land Management, Muley Fanatic Foundation (including Southwest, Kemmerer, Upper Green, and Blue Ridge Chapters), Boone and Crockett Club, Wyoming Wildlife and Natural Resources Trust, Knobloch Family Foundation, Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board, Wyoming Governor’s Big Game License Coalition, Bowhunters of Wyoming, Wyoming Outfitters and Guides Association, Pope and Young Club, US Forest Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Wyoming Wild Sheep Foundation, Wild Sheep Foundation, Wyoming Wildlife/Livestock Disease Research Partnership, the US National Science Foundation [IOS-1656642 and IOS-1656527, the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, and by a GRUPIN research grant from the Regional Government of Asturias, Sigrid Rausing Trust, Batubay Özkan, Barbara Watkins, NSERC Discovery Grant, the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration act under Pittman-Robertson project, the State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, Rufford Foundation, an American Society of Mammalogists African Graduate Student Research Fund, the German Science Foundation, the Israeli Science Foundation, the BSF-NSF, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food and Slovenian Research Agency (CRP V1-1626), the Aage V. Jensen Naturfond (project: Kronvildt - viden, værdier og værktøjer), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy, National Centre for Research and Development in Poland, the Slovenian Research Agency, the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, Disney Conservation Fund, Whitley Fund for Nature, Acton Family Giving, Zoo Basel, Columbus, Bioparc de Doué-la-Fontaine, Zoo Dresden, Zoo Idaho, Kolmården Zoo, Korkeasaari Zoo, La Passarelle, Zoo New England, Tierpark Berlin, Tulsa Zoo, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Government of Mongolia, the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration act and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, the National Science Foundation, Parks Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Alberta Environment and Parks, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Safari Club International and Alberta Conservation Association, the Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnología (CONACYT) of Paraguay, the Norwegian Environment Agency and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, EU funded Interreg SI-HR 410 Carnivora Dinarica project, Paklenica and Plitvice Lakes National Parks, UK Wolf Conservation Trust, EURONATUR and Bernd Thies Foundation, the Messerli Foundation in Switzerland and WWF Germany, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, NASA Ecological Forecasting Program, the Ecotone Telemetry company, the French National Research Agency, LANDTHIRST, grant REPOS awarded by the i-Site MUSE thanks to the “Investissements d’avenir” program, the ANR Mov-It project, the USDA Hatch Act Formula Funding, the Fondation Segre and North American and European Zoos listed at http://www.giantanteater.org/, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, the Yellowstone Forever and the National Park Service, Missouri Department of Conservation, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grant, and State University of New York, various donors to the Botswana Predator Conservation Program, data from collared caribou in the Northwest Territories were made available through funds from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories. The European Research Council Horizon2020, the British Ecological Society, the Paul Jones Family Trust, and the Lord Kelvin Adam Smith fund, the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute and Tanzania National Parks. The Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapahoe Fish and Game Department and the Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Kodiak Brown Bear Trust, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Koniag Native Corporation, Old Harbor Native Corporation, Afognak Native Corporation, Ouzinkie Native Corporation, Natives of Kodiak Native Corporation and the State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, and the Slovenia Hunters Association and Slovenia Forest Service. F.C. was partly supported by the Resident Visiting Researcher Fellowship, IMéRA/Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille. This work was partially funded by the Center of Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), which is financed by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and by the Saxon Ministry for Science, Culture and Tourism (SMWK) with tax funds on the basis of the budget approved by the Saxon State Parliament. This article is a contribution of the COVID-19 Bio-Logging Initiative, which is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF9881) and the National Geographic Society.https://www.science.org/journal/sciencehj2023Mammal Research InstituteZoology and Entomolog

Sick versus healthy people : AIDS metaphors and zombie apocalypse in "World War Z"

Susan Sontag w swoich esejach z końca lat 70. I 80. ubiegłego wieku pisała m.in. O metaforycznych zna- czeniach, jakie przypisano chorobom, w tym AIDS, o ich wpływie na ludzką świadomość, o powszechnym utożsamianiu ich z karą i obcością. W roku 2000 Kylo-Patrick R. Hart zauważył, że w filmach fabularnych poruszających tematykę HIV/AIDS, wykorzystywane są konwencje z klasycznego kina hollywoodzkiego. Choć filmowcy amerykańscy sięgają po tę tematykę, to ukazują ją jako moment historyczny z dwóch ostatnich dekad XX wieku. Co więcej, trudno znaleźć aktualne ujęcia jakiejkolwiek z chorób zakaźnych poza takimi, które realnie nie istnieją. W tym artykule zestawiam i uzupełniam teorie Sontag i Harta, by wykazać że popularna figura zombie ukazana w World War Z (reż. Marc Forster, 2013) powiela negatywne stereotypy wobec niektórych grup społecznych, jakie im przypisano w związku z epidemią HIV/AIDS

Race, sex, disease : modes of representing black women in the context of the AIDS epidemic in the United States

W niniejszym artykule staram się przedstawić zarys sposobów reprezentowania czarnych kobiet w kontekście epidemii AIDS w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Punktem wyjścia poszukiwań takich wizerunków jest, opisany przez E. Ann Kaplan i Alexandrę Juhasz, rozwój myśli feministycznej i praktyki kina kobiet, w ramach których odchodzi się od zunifikowanej kategorii kobiety na rzecz wielokulturowego aspektu kobiecości. W obliczu dominacji ujmowania HIV/AIDS z perspektywy białych mężczyzn w najpopularniejszych filmowych obrazach choroby z przełomu lat osiemdziesiątych i dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku zaczynam od założenia Georgesʼa Didi-Hubermana, zgodnie z którym pod warstwą najbardziej znanych obrazów katastrof znaleźć można inne, dopiero wymagające odkrycia. Odwołując się następnie do koncepcji strategii mniejszościowych, sformułowanych przez Gillesʼa Deleuze’a i Felixa Guattariego, podejmuję próbę przeprowadzenia formalnej i stylistycznej analizy czterech filmów: dwóch dokumentalnych i dwóch fabularnych. Usiłuję jednocześnie wykazać, że działania podejmowane przez kobiety zaangażowane na różnych szczeblach produkcji filmowej przekraczają umowną granicę pomiędzy kinem niezależnym a głównym nurtem. Wybranymi na potrzeby tego artykułu tytułami są: Sandra’s Web: A Mother’s Diary (1996, reż. Beverly Peterson), Wilhemina’s War (2015, reż. June Cross), Życie na przekór (2007, reż. Nelson George) i Hej, skarbie (2009, reż. Lee Daniels).In this article I try to outline the ways of representing black women in the context of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. The point of departure for prospecting for such images is the development of the feminist thought and women cinema practices, described by E. Ann Kaplan and Alexandra Juhasz, which diverge from a unified category of women towards a multicultural aspect of femininity. In the face of rendering HIV/AIDS dominantly from a white male perspective in the most popular motion pictures about the disease, I begin with Georges Didi-Huberman assumption, according to which, under a layer of popular images of disasters, there are always different depictions yet to be discovered. Referring to the concept of minoritarian strategies, formulated by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, I attempt to make a formal and stylistic analysis of four films, two documentaries and two features. Simultaneously I try to demonstrate that actions taken by women involved in different levels of film production cross the traditional opposition between the mainstream and independent cinemas. The films analyzed in this article are: Sandra’s Web: A Mother’s Diary (1996, dir. Beverly Peterson), Wilhemina’s War (2015, dir. June Cross), Life Support (2007, dir. Nelson George), and Precious (2009, dir. Lee Daniels)

The AIDS epidemic and the zombie apocalypse in contemporary American cinema

Susan Sontag w swoich esejach z końca lat 70. I 80. ubiegłego wieku pisała m.in. O metaforycznych zna-czeniach, jakie przypisano chorobom, w tym AIDS, o ich wpływie na ludzką świadomość, o powszechnym utożsamianiu ich z karą i obcością. W roku 2000 Kylo-Patrick R. Hart zauważył, że w filmach fabularnych poruszających tematykę HIV/AIDS, wykorzystywane są konwencje z klasycznego kina hollywoodzkiego. Choć filmowcy amerykańscy sięgają po tę tematykę, to ukazują ją jako moment historyczny z dwóch ostatnich dekad XX wieku. Co więcej, trudno znaleźć aktualne ujęcia jakiejkolwiek z chorób zakaźnych poza takimi, które realnie nie istnieją. W tym artykule zestawiam i uzupełniam teorie Sontag i Harta, by wykazać że popularna figura zombie ukazana w World War Z (reż. Marc Forster, 2013) powiela negatywne stereotypy wobec niektórych grup społecznych, jakie im przypisano w związku z epidemią HIV/AIDS.In her 1970s and 1980s essays, Susan Sontag wrote about the metaphorical meanings associated with diseases, including AIDS, their influence on human consciousness, and the fact that they are commonly identified with punishment and otherness. Kylo Patrick R. Hart observed in 2000 that classic Hollywood conventions have been used in feature films dealing with HIV/AIDS. Although cinematographers exploit this theme, they present it as a historical moment associated with the last two decades of the 20th century. Furthermore, it is virtually impossible to find actual depictions of any infectious diseases apart from those which are not real. In this article, I am combining and complementing Sontag's and Hart's theories to show that the popular figure of zombie depicted in World War Z (dir. Marc Forster, 2013) copies negative stereotypes about certain communities associated to them in connection with the HIV/AIDS epidemic

Diabetes management delivery and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus during the first wave of the 2020 covid-19 pandemic : a single-reference center report

OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a rapid adaptation of healthcare services to secure care for many patient groups. This includes women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We evaluated the impacts of the first COVID-19 wave on parameters such as the GDM treatment, glycemic control, and pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: In this retrospective study from a reference diabetes center (Krakow, Poland), we compared patient data from two different time periods: the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–June 2020) and the preceding five months (October 2019–February 2020). Data was collected from the medical records and telephone surveys. RESULTS: We included 155 consecutive women (group N1 = 73 and group N2 = 82 from the COVID-19 pandemic period and non-COVID-19 period, respectively). During the COVID-19 pandemic, almost half of all GDM women (N1 = 36, 49.3%) used telemedicine as a method of contacting their diabetic specialists while this tool was not utilized in the earlier period. Moreover, these patients reported difficulties in performing blood glucose self-control more often (N1 = 20, 27.4%, vs N2 = 7, 8.5%; p ≤ 0.01) and spent less time on diabetes education than the control group on average (N1 = 39, 53.4%, vs N2 = 9, 9.8% below 2 hours of training; p ≤ 0.01). Most analyzed glycemic parameters and pregnancy outcomes were similar. Differences were found with respect to the incidence of prolonged labor (N1 = 12, 16.4%, vs N2 = 3, 3.7%; p ≤ 0.01) and preeclampsia (N1 = 0 vs N2 = 7, 8.5%; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: In this single-center observational study, the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic did not seem to have a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes in GDM women, despite the difficulties in diabetes management delivery

Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

Funding: This article is a contribution of the COVID-19 Bio-Logging Initiative, which is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF9881) and the National Geographic Society (NGS-82515R-20) (both grants to C.R.).COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.PostprintPeer reviewe